On July 14, 1873, a crowd gathered at Yesler’s Mill in Seattle expecting to hear that their city had won the transcontinental railroad. Instead, they got a telegram that read: “We have located the terminus on Commencement Bay.” Tacoma — scarcely a village at the time — had been chosen over Seattle as the western end of the Northern Pacific Railway, and nothing in Pierce County would ever be the same.
That single decision set off a chain of events that would eventually produce one of the most architecturally striking high schools in America: the chateau-crowned building at 111 North E Street that Tacoma residents call Stadium High School, and that the rest of the world knows as the backdrop to a certain 1999 Shakespeare adaptation filmed right on the bluff above Commencement Bay.
But the story between the 1873 telegram and the 1999 film crew is one of ambition, financial ruin, fire, citizen activism, and the kind of resilient improvisation that defines Tacoma at its best.
The Railroad Bets on Tacoma
The Northern Pacific’s engineers chose Commencement Bay for practical, not sentimental reasons. The Prairie Line — the flat, treeless corridor connecting Tacoma to the interior — offered the path of least resistance to tidewater. Seattle had lobbied hard, reportedly offering the railroad 7,500 town lots, 3,000 acres, $50,000 in cash, and $200,000 in bonds. The Northern Pacific took Tacoma’s waterfront instead.
The choice was transformative. Tacoma’s population stood at roughly 1,100 in 1880. By 1889 — the year Washington achieved statehood — it had exploded to 36,000, according to HistoryLink.org. The city platted streets, attracted sawmills and smelters, and began to fancy itself the commercial capital of the Pacific Northwest. The Tacoma Land Company, the railroad’s real estate arm, controlled vast swaths of the city and moved aggressively to shape its identity.
Part of that identity was supposed to be a world-class hotel.
The Hotel That Never Opened
In 1891, the Tacoma Land Company commissioned Philadelphia architects Hewitt and Hewitt to design a palatial tourist hotel on a bluff north of downtown. The site commanded sweeping views of Commencement Bay and the Olympic Mountains beyond. The architects responded with a design drawn directly from the châteaux of France’s Loire Valley: steep mansard rooflines, copper-topped turrets rising from every corner, ornate dormers, and facades built from Roman brick — a distinctive elongated brick style that gave the building its warm, reddish-gold character.
Construction began with the momentum of a city convinced of its own destiny. Then the Panic of 1893 hit.
The financial crisis that swept the country in 1893 devastated the Northern Pacific. The company went into receivership. The half-finished hotel on the bluff was quietly abandoned, its turrets and rooflines standing without windows or interior floors, a monument to interrupted ambition. For a time it served as a lumber and shingle warehouse. Then, on October 11, 1898, fire tore through the building, gutting it completely and leaving only the exterior walls standing.
The Northern Pacific began dismantling the shell, reportedly removing some 40,000 of the distinctive Roman bricks before two Tacoma citizens intervened to halt the demolition. Their argument: the walls were salvageable, the bones were sound, and the city desperately needed a high school.
Citizens Save the Building
The Tacoma School District purchased the fire-gutted structure on February 19, 1904, and hired local architect Frederick Heath to complete the reconstruction. Heath’s task was unusual — he was not designing a new building so much as finishing and converting one that had been started by someone else’s vision, interrupted by economic disaster, and partially destroyed by fire.
Heath preserved the Châteauesque exterior that the Hewitt brothers had designed while reworking the interior entirely for educational use. The building that opened on September 10, 1906, as Tacoma High School was recognizably the same chateau the railroad had started — multiple turrets, mansard lines, the copper detailing — but now filled with classrooms, corridors, and students rather than hotel suites and dining rooms.
In 1913, when Lincoln High School opened as the district’s second secondary school, Tacoma High School was renamed. The name everyone now knows — Stadium High School — came from the natural feature directly to the south: a ravine called Old Woman’s Gulch that Frederick Heath had also been commissioned to transform into an outdoor athletic venue.
The Stadium Bowl: Engineering a Natural Amphitheater
Old Woman’s Gulch cut deep into the Stadium District, its floor originally below sea level and subject to tidal flooding. Between 1909 and 1910, construction crews using steam shovels and hydraulic sluicing moved more than 180,000 cubic yards of earth to level the ravine floor and shape its walls into terraced seating. Wooden molds were poured to cast 31 rows of concrete seating for 11,000 spectators, with the open north end framing an unobstructed view of Commencement Bay and Puget Sound.
The resulting Stadium Bowl — dedicated on July 10, 1910, at a cost of $135,000 — was one of the largest outdoor athletic venues in the Pacific Northwest. The school and the stadium became inseparable in the public mind, each reinforcing the other’s architectural drama. The chateau on the bluff looked down at the bowl carved from the earth below; together they defined a neighborhood.
The Stadium District Takes Shape
The Stadium-Seminary Historic District that grew around the school between 1888 and 1930 is itself a remarkable piece of Tacoma history. The neighborhood — roughly 400 buildings across 50 blocks on the bluff northwest of downtown — developed as the Tacoma Land Company released residential parcels and middle-class families built substantial two- and three-story homes in Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Craftsman styles.
The neighborhood’s layout reflected, however loosely, the ideas of the City Beautiful movement. Frederick Law Olmsted had been commissioned in 1873 to prepare a master plan for New Tacoma; though his specific proposals were never implemented, the design sensibility he represented — broad streets, topographic sensitivity, attention to views — influenced how the Stadium District ultimately developed.
Today the district is listed on both the Washington State and National Registers of Historic Places. The City of Tacoma’s Historic Preservation Office maintains design review authority over development within it. The near-continuous architectural character — Victorian-era homes beside Craftsman bungalows, largely untouched by mid-century demolition — is rare for a city of Tacoma’s size.
From Preservation to Pop Culture
In 2005 and 2006, Stadium High School underwent a major seismic upgrade, historical restoration, and expansion designed to preserve the building for the next century of students. The renovation carefully maintained the exterior’s historic character — the turrets, the rooflines, the Roman brick — while modernizing the interior for contemporary educational use.
By then, the school had already achieved a different kind of fame. When location scouts for the 1999 film 10 Things I Hate About You — a modern retelling of Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew — saw photographs of Stadium High School, they scrapped plans to film in Los Angeles and moved the entire production to Tacoma. The film’s opening sequence, with Heath Ledger and Julia Stiles navigating the chateau’s corridors and exterior courtyard, introduced the building to a global audience who had no idea they were looking at a failed railway hotel from 1891.
According to The Seattle Times, alums of Stadium High describe the film as having “put the school on the map” nationally — which is saying something for a building already on three historic registers.
What the Building Means for Tacoma
There’s a temptation to read Stadium High School purely as a happy accident — abandoned railroad ambition recycled into public good. But the building’s survival required active choices at several points: the citizens who halted demolition in 1898, the school board that voted to purchase the shell, the architect who honored the original design in his reconstruction, and the community that successfully argued for its historic designation decades later.
The Washington State Historical Society documents Tacoma’s railroad era extensively, and the Northern Pacific’s choice of Commencement Bay as its terminus runs as a through-line in nearly every major story about the city’s early growth — from the original platting of downtown to the industrial development of the tideflats to the residential neighborhoods that climbed the surrounding bluffs.
Stadium High School is the most visible physical artifact of that era. It is the building that the Northern Pacific built, that the Panic of 1893 stopped, that fire gutted, that citizens saved, and that Tacoma finished. It has been a school for 120 years. It will likely be one for a good while longer.
For anyone who wants to understand how Tacoma became Tacoma, the view from the Stadium District bluff — chateau to the left, the bowl below, the bay beyond — is about as clear an explanation as the city offers.
Frequently Asked Questions About Stadium High School
Why was Stadium High School originally built as a hotel?
The Northern Pacific Railway’s Tacoma Land Company began construction of a luxury chateau-style hotel in 1891 to anchor its investment in Tacoma, the railroad’s chosen western terminus since 1873. The hotel was designed to attract wealthy travelers and signal Tacoma’s status as the premier city on Puget Sound. The Panic of 1893 halted construction before the building ever opened.
What architectural style is Stadium High School?
Stadium High School is built in the Châteauesque style, drawing from French Renaissance châteaux of the Loire Valley. Designed by Philadelphia architects Hewitt and Hewitt, the building features multiple copper-topped turrets, steep mansard rooflines, decorative dormers, and facades built from Roman brick. It is listed on the Tacoma, Washington State, and National Registers of Historic Places.
When did Stadium High School open and why did the name change?
The school opened September 10, 1906, as Tacoma High School after the district purchased the fire-gutted hotel shell in 1904 and commissioned architect Frederick Heath to complete the reconstruction. The name changed to Stadium High School in 1913 when Lincoln High School opened as the district’s second high school, requiring a more specific name tied to the adjacent Stadium Bowl.
What movie was filmed at Stadium High School?
The 1999 film 10 Things I Hate About You, a modern adaptation of Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew, was filmed extensively at Stadium High School. Location scouts originally planned to film in Los Angeles but moved the entire production to Tacoma after seeing photographs of the school’s dramatic exterior overlooking Commencement Bay.
Is Stadium High School a historic landmark?
Yes. Stadium High School is listed on the Tacoma Register of Historic Places, the Washington State Register of Historic Places, and the National Register of Historic Places. The surrounding Stadium-Seminary Historic District — nearly 400 buildings across 50 blocks — is also listed on both registers. A major seismic upgrade and historical restoration was completed in 2005–2006.
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